2019 Atlantic hurricane season - HurricaneLucas4064

The 2019 Atlantic hurricane season was an above average season, featuring 14 named storms, 7 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes, which caused a total of over $IDK billion (2019 USD) in damages. The season officially began on June 1, 2019, and ended on November 30, 2019. These dates historically describe the period each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin and are adopted by convention. However, tropical cyclogenesis is possible at any time of the year.

Seasonal Forecasts
Ahead of and during the season, several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many named storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes (Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson scale) will form during a season and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies include the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of University College London, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Colorado State University (CSU). The forecasts include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a particular year. On average, an Atlantic hurricane season between 1981 and 2010 contained twelve tropical storms, six hurricanes, and three major hurricanes, with an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index of between 66 and 103 units.

Pre-season outlooks
The first forecast for the year was released by TSR on December 11, 2018, which predicted a near-average season for 2019, with a total of 12 named storms, 5 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes. On April 3, 2019, AccuWeather released a forecast, predicting a slightly above-average season with 12–14 named storms, 5–7 hurricanes and 2–4 major hurricanes. On April 4, 2019, CSU released its forecast, predicting a near-average season with 13 named storms, 5 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes. TSR released its second forecast the next day, predicting a near-average hurricane season, with 12 named storms, 5 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes, the same as its previous forecast. Several days later, on April 16, North Carolina State University released its predictions, forecasting an near to above-average season, with 32–16 named storms, 5–7 hurricanes, and 2–3 major hurricanes. On April 23, The Weather Company released its first forecasts, predicting 2019 to be a near-average season, with a total of 12 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes, the same as the 30-year average from 1981-2010. On May 21, the UK Met Office released their prediction, predicting 13 tropical storms, 7 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes, and an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) value of approximately 109 units. On May 23, NOAA released their first forecasts, calling for a below to near-normal season in 2019.

Mid-season outlooks
When June 3 arrived, TSR released their updated prediction, reducing their numbers to 10 named storms, 4 hurricanes and 1 major hurricane. The next day, CSU updated their forecast, significantly decreasing their numbers due to anomalous cooling in the tropical and far northern Atlantic. On July 6, CSU updated their forecast once more, lowering their numbers again to 9 named storms, 4 hurricanes, and 1 major hurricane, citing the El Niño forming earlier in the year. TSR released their fourth forecast on July 9, retaining the same numbers as their previous forecast. On August 6, CSU updated their forecast again, increasing their numbers to 10 named storms, 4 hurricanes, and 1 major hurricane. Four days later, TSR issued their final forecast for the season, increasing their numbers to 12 named storms, 5 hurricanes and only one major hurricane. On August 13, 2018, NOAA revised its predictions, forecasting a below-average season with 8–12 named storms, 3–6 hurricanes, and 0–2 major hurricanes for all of the 2018 season.

System Names
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2019. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2025 season. This was the same list used in the 2013 season, with the exception of the name Imelda, which replaced Ingrid. The names Imelda and Nestor were used for the first time this year. The name Nestor replaced Noel after the 2007 season, but was not used in 2013.

Retirement
On April 3, 2020, at the 42nd session of the RA IV hurricane committee, the World Meteorological Organization retired the names Erin, Jerry, and Lorenzo from its rotating naming lists due to the number of deaths and amount of damage they caused, and they will not be used again for another Atlantic hurricane. They will be replaced with Elise, Jason, and Liam for the 2025 season, respectively.