2022 Atlantic hurricane season (Prism55)

The 2022 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active Atlantic hurricane season in recorded history. The impact of the season was widespread and catastrophic, with a total of 66,859 deaths and $1.022 trillion dollars in damage, cementing it in history as both the deadliest and costliest Atlantic hurricane season on record. The season featured several powerful landfalls, including 6 major hurricane landfalls on the US, setting a new record. The season features 34 named storms, 22 hurricanes, 15 major hurricanes, 11 Category 4 hurricanes and 5 Category 5 hurricanes, breaking all previous activity records, most of which were set by the 2005 season. Of these storms, the most damage was caused by Fiona, Ian, Martin, Owen, Shary, Tobias, Virginie, Walter and Eta, all of which made landfalls as major hurricanes. Two Category 5 hurricanes made landfall on the US in one season, the highest number on record.

Furthermore, the season's storms broke several intensity and longevity records. In July, Hurricane Fiona became one of the most intense July hurricanes on record. From August 3 to August 7, an exception period of activity occurred, with 9 tropical cyclones developing within that timeframe (7 named storms and 2 tropical depressions). Hurricane Martin set numerous records for low-latitude intensity, longevity and prolonged intensity, becoming the longest lived tropical cyclone worldwide and generating the highest ACE of any tropical cyclone on record. Hurricane Owen became the second Category 5 hurricane of the season, before striking Alabama as a strong Category 4 hurricane. In early September, Hurricane Shary became the second most intense tropical cyclone on record in the Atlantic, before being pushed to the 3rd place later on in the season. A few days after Shary, Hurricane Tobias explosively deepened into the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record, attaining a minumum pressure of 874 mb (25.81 inHg) and a peak windspeed of 210 mph (340 km/h) before striking Florida with winds of 205 mph, causing catastrophic and widespread damage. Tobias caused over 48,000 fatalities in the US, becoming the deadliest Atlantic tropical cyclone on record. Hurricane Virginie struck Florida a few days before Tobias as a Category 4 hurricane, while Walter stalled over New York City for two days, causing devastating flooding and damage. In late September, Hurricane Alpha made landfall on Spain as a Category 1 hurricane, while Hurricane Beta made landfall on Panama as a Category 4 hurricane and crossed over into the East Pacific, becoming the southernmost major hurricane landfall on record in the Atlantic. In late October, Hurricane Eta made landfall over Miami as an upper-end Category 4 hurricane before skirting the East Coast as a major hurricane, becoming the costliest tropical cyclone on record, with nearly $370 billion dollars in damage attributed to it. In November, Hurricane Lambda became the second November Category 5 hurricane after the 1932 Cuba hurricane.

Most of the forecasts ahead of the season predicted an above average season. After the very quick start to the season, forecasters upped their predictions. Even then, the predictions fell short of the actual activity by a large margin.

The season's economic effects were widespread and devastating beyond expectations. Several regions were uninhabitable after the season, including areas of Florida completely leveled by Tobias, areas of the Yucatan Peninsula, which was repeatedly struck by intense storms, and several more. The country of Haiti was set back nearly 100 years back in terms of development in some areas due to the slow movement and torrential rainfall of Fiona, which killed over 5,000 people in the country. The country of Dominican Republic was dealt a powerful blow after Martin made landfall there as a Category 4 hurricane, causing devastating damage. Puerto Rico also sustained severe damage from Martin, worsening the effects of storms of previous seasons on the island, including Maria of 2017, Ernesto of 2018 and Melissa of 2019, which all affected the country as Category 4 hurricanes. Jamaica also sustained extensive damage, mostly from the storms Shary and Fiona. Shary affected the southern coast of the island nation nearing peak intensity, causing over 2,000 deaths on the island alone. Fiona caused 400 deaths there earlier in the season. Overall, the season had a massive impact on the cultures, communities and nations of the Atlantic, many of which were changed for many decades after the season ended.

Season summary
The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30. Despite this, the first storm of the season, Alex, developed in April, the first storm to do so since Arlene in 2017. The last storm of the season, Nu, dissipated on December 28, although two more short-lived depressions formed afterwards. Hurricane Mu, however, persisted into January 2023 and was the last storm of the season to dissipate. This made it only the third time in recorded history, after the 1954 and 2005 seasons, that a storm spanned two calendar years.

April, May & June
On April 22, a tropical depression formed near the Leeward Islands and tracked northwestwards. A day later, the storm strengthened into a tropical storm and received the name Alex, becoming only the 3rd named storm in April on record, behind Ana of 2003 and Arlene on 2017. Alex reached peak intensity soon after formation, and weakened as it turned northwards. After weakening to a tropical depression, Alex continued tracking generally northwards until being absorbed into an extratropical cyclone on April 28.

May featured no tropical cyclones, although 2 invests were observed in the month.

June featured one named storm. The storm developed from an early-season tropical wave on June 14. A day later, it was upgraded to a tropical storm and received the name Bonnie. The storm passed through the Windward Islands and took on an unusual southern track, affecting the northern coasts of Venezuela and Colombia, while passing directly over the ABC Islands. Bonnie recurved northwards under the presence of a ridge and weakened as it moved into an area of wind shear; the storm dissipated June 20. Bonnie caused moderate to heavy damage to areas it affected along its path. The storm caused 72 deaths and $400 million dollars in damage.

Tropical Storm Alex
On April 22, the NHC began monitoring an area of low pressure that developed roughly 150 miles east of the Leeward Islands. The area quickly deepened, and on the same day the NHC upgraded it to a tropical depression 140 miles east of Antigua.

The depression moved north-westwards for much of the day. On April 23, the storm began curving northwards, and at the same time it strengthened into a tropical storm, receiving the name Alex and becoming the first named storm of the season. The storm changed course completely on that day, now moving eastwards and away from the Leeward Islands while strengthening slowly. Alex reached peak intensity on April 24, with winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) and a central pressure of 1003 mb (29.62 inHg). Soon after, the storm began rapidly weakening, and degenerated into a tropical depression on the same day.

At the same time, the storm began moving northwards under the presence of a ridge of high pressure. The depression raced northwards for the next few days, slowly weakening as it encountered cooler waters. On April 27, the depression degenerated into a remnant low, as it moved westwards across the Atlantic. The low persisted for another day, before being absorbed into a larger extratropical cyclone on April 28.

Tropical Storm Bonnie
The origins of Bonnie can be traced to a unusual early-season tropical ave that emerged off the coast of Africa on June 6. Tracking across the Atlantic, development was limited due to increased shear in the open Atlantic. However, as the wave moved closer towards the Caribbean Sea, shear slowly decreased, allowing the wave to slowly develop over waters nearly 2 °C above the average June temperatures. Nearing the Caribbean Sea, the wave began developing a circulation. Based on continuously improving satellite appearance, the NHC upgraded the wave to a tropical depression on June 14, while it was around 160 miles east of the island of Barbados.

The newly formed depression continued strengthening slowly, as it passed slightly north of the island of Barbados late of June 14. Early the next day, the depression passed between the islands of St. Lucia and St. Vincent. Mid-day on June 15, the depression was upgraded to a tropical storm according to satellite appearance, and was assigned the name Bonnie.

At around the same time, Bonnie began curving east-southeastwards, slowly approaching the northern coast of Venezuela and Columbia. The storm moved dangerously close to the coast, producing torrential rainfall and relatively powerful winds. On June 17, it began turning northwards, and made successive landfalls on the islands of Bonaire, Curaçao and Aruba, and skirted the Paraguaná Peninsula. Late on the same day, Bonnie reached peak intensity, with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) and a central pressure of 998 mb. The following day, Bonnie slowed down its forward movement considerably, while turning northwards and later westwards.

Bonnie sped up again on June 19 as it tracked northwestward towards Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. Early on June 20, Bonnie weakened into a tropical depression due to extended periods of land interaction and increased shear. The depression continued moving on its general path, and it degenerated into a sheared remnant low late on June 20. The remnants of Bonnie skirted Puerto Rico, before moving out to the sea where they became unrecognizable.

Along its path, Bonnie caused severe damage to several areas. In the Windward Islands, especially Barbados, St. Lucia and St. Vincent, the storm toppled many trees, damaged roofs and caused mudslides due to its rainfall. 2 people died on St. Lucia during the storm, and one died on Barbados after being blown into a river and drowning. In Venezuela and Colombia, Bonnie dropped torrential rainfall along the northern coasts, causing severe mudslides. Tens of people died across Venezuela due to the mudslides and debris flows. On the ABC Islands, Bonnie killed 10 people. Torrential rainfall and strong winds destroyed roofs, toppled trees and surging waters destroyed bridges.

Overall, Bonnie caused 72 deaths and 400 million dollars in damage. It was considered the worst disaster to affect the country of Venezuela since the 1999 storm which resulted in the Vargas tragedy.

Tropical Storm Colin
On July 2, the NHC began monitoring an area of low pressure for possible tropical or subtropical development. Located within relatively favorable conditions, the low pressure area quickly consolidated, and on July 3 it was classified as a tropical depression by the NHC, based on improved satellite appearance.

The newly formed depression tracked generally southwards, as it quickly strengthened, acquiring tropical storm force winds just 10 hours later. Based on this, it was named Colin, the 3rd named storm of the season.

A few hours later on July 4, the storm began to change direction, as it began turning northwards. Late on the same day, Colin reached its peak intensity, with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) and a central pressure of 1007 mb (29.73 inHg). At roughly the same time, the storm made landfall on the island of Barbados as it began moving northwards. On July 5, Colin weakened into a tropical depression as it paralleled the Lesser Antilles, before moving out to the sea. On July 6, the storm degenerated into a remnant low, as it moved away from the Leeward Islands.

Colin caused widespread but minor damage in most of the Windward and a part of the Leeward Islands. On Barbados, the storm's winds damaged roofs, ripped branches off trees, and flipped cars off roads. 3 people died on the island, after their car slid off a road into the ocean. In the rest of the Windward Islands, Colin caused minor roof damage as it moved past. Overall, Colin was responsible for 3 deaths and roughly 5 million dollars in damage.

Tropical Depression Four
On July 2, the NHC began monitoring a tropical wave that entered the Caribbean Sea the day prior. The wave did not attain tropical characteristics while located in the Caribbean Sea, due to increased wind shear. The wave travelled generally westwards, and crossed the Yucatan Peninsula on July 5. At the same time, it began attaining tropical characteristics. After entering the Bay of Campeche on July 6, the NHC classified it as a tropical depression.

The depression slowed down slightly, and on the same day it reached peak intensity of 35 mph. After peaking, the depression began slowly weakening as it curved and accelerated southwards. On July 8, the depression made landfall on Mexico with winds of 25 mph, and dissipated the same day.

Hurricane Danielle
An early-season tropical wave emerged off the coast of Africa on July 9. Despite being well organized, the wave struggled to develop due to increased wind shear in the open Atlantic. As the sheared wave began approaching the Caribbean Sea on July 13, it entered an area of relatively low wind shear. A circulation started developing on the same day, and late on the same day, the wave passed over the island of St. Lucia. 6 hours later, the NHC upgraded the wave to a tropical depression, based on continuously improving satellite appearance and the formation of a well-defined circulation.

The newly-formed depression was slow to strengthen, due to an unusual increase of wind shear. The depression moved generally west, tracking across the Caribbean Sea at a steady pace. On July 16, the depression's banding features increased and the circulation became more well defined; according to this, the depression was upgraded to a tropical storm mid-day on July 16, and received the name Danielle.

The storm continued strengthening during the next day, while it slowly turned north-westwards under the influence of a nearby ridge. This trend of movement continued through September 18. The following day, Danielle developed an eye feature, and the Dvorak satellite classifications indicated that Danielle became a hurricane; based on this, it was upgraded to a hurricane, with winds of 75 mph. 7 hours later, Danielle made landfall over Quintana Roo near Vigia Chico, with winds of 75 mph and a central pressure of 988 mb.

Danielle crossed over the Yucatan Peninsula in approximately 8 hours, and emerged over the Gulf of Mexico as a tropical storm early on July 20. Immediately after reemerging over water, Danielle began strengthening again under favorable conditions, with low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures, the only hindrance being slightly drier air. At the same time, the storm's forward speed slowed down considerably, and Danielle began turning eastwards under the influence of another ridge located over north of the storm. The storm began moving north-eastwards, while still strengthening. A clouded eye developed on the following day, and Danielle was upgraded to a hurricane once again. Danielle's eye became more defined over night, and early on July 22, Danielle reached its peak intensity, with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) and a central pressure of 978 mb. At peak, Danielle had a small, well defined eye roughly 7 miles across.

Danielle began weakening during the day, due to increased land interaction. The storm turned eastwards, moving towards Florida at a rapid pace. Late on July 22, Danielle made landfall near Cape Coral, Florida, with sustained winds of 75 mph and a central pressure of 982 mb. At the same time, the storm turned north-eastwards and rapidly accelerated in that direction while simultaneously weakening over land. Danielle emerged over water again mid-day on July 23, as a weak tropical depression. At the same time, the storm began undergoing extratropical transition. Late on the same day, Danielle transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while paralleling the East Coast of the United States. Danielle's remnants raced north-eastwards and were absorbed into a larger extratropical cyclone near Newfoundland on July 27.

Along its path through the Caribbean and Florida, Danielle caused widespread but minor damage. In Quintana Roo, Danielle's strong winds destroyed roughly 187 homes (mostly located in shanty towns) and further damaged 5,920 homes. Coastal flooding inundated many buildings, and rainfall only added to the flooding. In Florida, damage was generally minimal, although it covered a large area. In total, Danielle caused $1.14 billion dollars in damage and 19 deaths.

Tropical Storm Earl
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Hurricane Fiona
Fiona's origins can be traced back to a tropical wave that emerged off the coast of Atlantic on July 2. The wave generally moved slowly westwards, its development hindered by moderate to high shear that dominated the Atlantic. The wave remained disorganized up until it entered the Caribbean Sea on July 16.

On July 17, the wave began acquiring a closed circulation, as the wave began rapidly organizing under an environment of decreased wind shear, waters well above the July average and abundant moisture. The NHC marked the wave for possible development, making it a potential tropical cyclone. The wave continued organizing at a rapid pace, and early on July 19 it was classified as a tropical depression, with winds of 35 mph and a central pressure of 999 mb. The depression rapidly deepened, becoming a tropical storm only 6 hours later. It was assigned the name Fiona on the same day.

Fiona moved westwards at a slow pace, along with strengthening slowly. This slow strengthening carried on for the next day and a half. However, late on July 20, shear decreased rapidly, and under conditions favorable for intensification, the storm underwent explosive deepening as it tracked slowly towards the Dominican Republic. The storm quickly developed a small eye, as it strengthened from a tropical storm to a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 100 mph in just 6 hours. In the following 6 hours, the storm strengthened into a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 115 mph, becoming the first major hurricane of the season, and one of the few July major hurricanes on record. At the same time, its eye became more well-defined, and cloud tops cooled.

The storm's movement speed slowed down considerably, as Fiona made a close approach to Hispaniola on July 21. At the same time, the storm's winds slowly increased, and its central pressure dropped to an initial low of 943 mb. Early on July 22, Fiona's central pressure began rising in response to prolonged periods of land interaction with the mountainous terrain of Hispaniola, although its winds kept rising at a steady pace. On that day, Fiona made landfall on the border of the Pedernales and Barahon provinces of Dominican Republic, with winds of 120 mph and a central pressure of 948 mb. The storm crossed over land within 6 hours, largely unaffected by the landfall. Late on that day, its pressure began dropping once again, as the storm's forwards speed increased.

Fiona paralelled Haiti's Tiburon Peninsula on late July 22 and early July 23, before it began moving west-southwestwards as the ridge north of it strengthened slightly. On July 23, Fiona skirted the southern coast of Jamaica as a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 125 mph. The storm underwent rapid strengthening once again on early July 24, reaching Category 4 status there as it moved westwards away from Jamaica. Fiona's forward speed slowed down very slightly and the storm continued intensifying at a rapid pace. Late on July 24, the storm reached peak wind speeds, with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) while located over the open waters of the Caribbean Sea. 6 hours later, Fiona's pressure bottomed out at 931 mb, becoming one of the most intense July tropical cyclones on record. At its peak, Fiona had a clear, 8 mile wide eye.

Mid-day on July 25, Fiona developed concentric, eyewalls, indicating that an eyewall replacement cycle was about to take place. Due to the inner eyewall being absorbed by the outer one, the storm's winds rapidly dropped, as its eye became ill-defined and clouded. This eventually took its toll on the storm's intensity, and early on July 26, Fiona dropped to a Category 3 hurricane. Despite shear being only marginally higher and waters with above-average temperatures, Fiona failed to strengthen any further, and another eyewall replacement cycle took place on that day, causing the storm's pressure to rise and its winds to decrease to 115 mph. The storm maintained this intensity up until its landfall on July 27.

Early on July 27, Fiona began developing concentric eyewalls once again, indicating that an eyewall replacement cycle was about to take place again. A few hours later, Fiona made landfall on Hispaniola, with winds of 115 mph and a central pressure of 962 mb. After moving over land, with its core disrupted and concentric eyewalls, Fiona rapidly weakened, its winds decreasing from major hurricane intensity to tropical storm intensity within just 6 hours. Fiona degenerated into a remnant low late on that day, as its remnants emerged into the Bay of Campeche. Fiona lost its circulation there, and the remnant moisture moved over the United States and travelled northwards. The remnants were absorbed into a larger extratropical cyclone over Canada a few days later.

On Hispaniola and Jamaica, Fiona caused catastrophic damage. In the Dominican Republic, torrential rainfall brought by the storm caused extreme mudslides and flooding that killed hundreds of people. Rivers topped their banks and flooded cities, villages and shanty towns, while mudslides buried many more. A similar situation unfolded on Haiti, where a particularly severe mudslide buried nearly 2,000 people under several feet of mud and debris. Around 600 were saved, but the rest were assumed to have perished. On Jamaica, extreme winds and rainfall toppled trees, blown houses off their foundations and killed hundreds more. Rivers turned into raging torrents that flooded neighborhoods, destroyed bridges and submerged large areas under feet of muddy water. On the Yucatan Peninsula, a similar situation unfolded, although good forecasting minimized the death count to roughly 30 deaths. Despite this, powerful winds leveled entire villages, snapped trees and power poles, and mudslides submerged streets and houses. Overall, Fiona resulted in roughly $14 billion dollars in damage, and approximately 5,492 deaths, with hundreds more still missing. The storm was one of the deadliest Atlantic hurricanes on record. After the season, the name Fiona was retired due to its extreme damage and death count.

Hurricane Gaston
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Hurricane Hermine
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Hurricane Ian
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Hurricane Julia
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Tropical Depression Twelve
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Hurricane Karl
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Hurricane Lisa
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Tropical Depression Fifteen
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Hurricane Martin
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Tropical Storm Nicole
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Hurricane Owen
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Hurricane Paula
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Hurricane Richard
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Hurricane Shary
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Tropical Depression Twenty-two
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Hurricane Tobias
A tropical wave emerged off the coast of Africa on August 31. Initially, the wave remained disorganized as it moved westwards at a relatively rapid pace. On September 1, it was observed that the wave began splitting in two. After the split occurred, the main part of the wave continued tracking westwards at a stable speed. The detached area of low pressure moved to the northwest, and later developed into Hurricane Walter.

On September 2, the wave began showing signs of intensification, as a closed circulation began developing. This trend of strengthening continued throughout the following day, and the wave organized rapidly as a circulation developed. Early on September 4, the NHC upgraded the wave to a tropical depression, based on continuously improving satellite appearance.

The newly-formed depression continued strengthening rapidly throughout the day, and in just 12 hours, it was upgraded to a tropical storm. The storm received the name Tobias, becoming the 19th named storm of the season. Tobias continued organizing and strengthening at a quick pace, and mid-day on September 5 it was upgraded to a hurricane with sustained winds of 75 mph and a central pressure of 984 mb. The intensification was not long lived, and in just 12 hours Tobias weakened back to a tropical storm due to increase shear from multiple nearby storms, along with cooler waters caused by the several storms that moved over the area earlier in the season.

Over the next couple of days, Tobias kept up its constant speed while moving across the Atlantic as a tropical storm. On September 7, it reached hurricane status for 6 hours, but weakened again. Tobias generally sustained winds of 70 mph during this period.

Mid-day on September 10, Tobias began turning north-westwards, in response to the ridge to its north weakening. At the same time, the NHC anticipated that Tobias would move over an environment of favorable conditions, including low wind shear, warm waters and ample moisture. The NHC forecasted a Category 2/Category 3 hurricane strike on Florida, noting that Tobias would hit the state just days after Hurricane Virginie devastated several areas as a Category 4 hurricane. The NHC also noted that the storm should not be taken lightly, but that the overall devastation would be "less severe than the devastation caused by Virginie".

On September 12, Tobias began turning west again, and entered the area north of the Bahamas. Conditions were near perfect for explosive intensification, with water temperatures of 33-34 °C, virtually no wind shear, and ample moisture provided by the remnants of Tropical Depression Twenty-two, Tobias underwent a period of explosive intensification. In just a 6-hour period, the storm's winds increased from 70 mph to 165 mph, an increase of 95 mph. Along with that, its pressure dropped from 985 mb to 924 mb, a 61 mb drop in just 6 hours. A recon flight, which was sent to the storm after its period of explosive deepening began, reported that they measured winds of 100 mph while in the eyewall. After moving through the eye and entering the eyewall on the other side 45 minutes after first entering the eye, they measured 120 mph winds. After this extreme period of deepening, Tobias continued explosively strengthening, albeit at a slower rate. In just 6 more hours, the storm bore record-breaking winds of 195 mph and had a central pressure of 889 mb, only slightly less intense than Hurricane Shary a few days prior. Early on September 13, Tobias reached its record peak intensity, with sustained 1-minute winds of 210 mph (335 km/h) and a central pressure of 874 mb, becoming the most intense tropical cyclone on record in the Atlantic basin and the second most intense in the Western Hemisphere, trailing only Hurricane Patricia of 2015.

After this period of strengthening, Tobias began developing concentric eyewalls, indicating that an eyewall replacement cyclone was about to take place. Late on September 13, Tobias' inner eyewall began dissipating, and at the same time, the storm made its initial landfall near Cape Canaveral, Florida with sustained winds of 205 mph and a central pressure of 877 mb; both values constituted a worldwide record. The storm made two more landfalls in quick succession: at 0:20 AM over southern Merritt Island, and at roughly 0:35 AM between Cocoa and Port St. John. Both of the final landfalls were with 1-minute sustained winds of 200 mph. All three landfalls were stronger than any previous worldwide landfalls.

Over land, Tobias weakened at a rapid pace; after emerging over water again mid-day on September 14, the storm bore winds of 155 mph and a central pressure of 917 mb. Despite being close to land, the storm began strengthening again, its pressure dropping roughly 4 mb every hour. Early on September 15, a recon flight fount sustained winds of 165 mph; based on this, Tobias was upgraded to a Category 5 hurricane again, while located over the Gulf of Mexico.The storm continued quickly strengthening to reach a secondary peak intensity, with winds of 175 mph and a central pressure of 906 mb. This intensification was not long lived; just an hour later, the storm began undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle as it approached land. Tobias made landfall on the Mouth of Mississippi on that day, with sustained 1-minute winds of 165 mph and a pressure of 913 mb.

After moving over Louisiana, the storm quickly weakened below Category 5 intensity. Tobias accelerated slightly as it briefly moved over water again, with its eyewall skirting Texas. Eventually, the storm made a landfall on Texas late on September 16, with winds of 150 mph. As the ridge north of it weakened, Tobias turned northwards as it rapidly weakened. The storm's eyewall skirted Houston, and the weakening cyclone accelerated northeastwards. Late on September 17, Tobias degenerated into a remnant low, and the remnants moved over the United States until being absorbed into a larger area of low pressure near the Great Lakes.

Tobias caused catastrophic and widespread damage across Florida and the Gulf Coast. In the Bahamas, Tobias killed nearly 700 people on the northern islands of the chain, destroying hundreds of homes. On the Florida Peninsula, Tobias killed over 45,000 people, making it the deadliest tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin. Near the landfall point, Tobias leveled practically every structure, stripped trees of their bark, and scoured the ground severely. Due to the failure of the NHC to properly forecast the storm's intensity, thousands of people died, as the storm's extreme winds (equivalent to those of an F5 tornado) tossed cars, tore houses out of their foundations, snapped power poles and even destroyed buildings to be used as shelters. Severe damage occurred even many miles away from the eyewall. In Louisiana, the powerful winds and a large storm surge caused the failure of several of the New Orleans levees, flooding large areas of the city. The majority of buildings on the coastline were damaged or completely destroyed, and hundreds died as a result. Similar damage occurred in Texas, especially in Houston. Overall, Tobias caused the deaths of 48,191 people and $276 billion dollars in damage, making it the deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record. It was also the costliest Atlantic hurricane, until Hurricane Eta surpassed in a few weeks later. The name Tobias was retired after the season.

Hurricane Virginie
A small circulation developed in the outer rain bands of Hurricane Shary late on September 2. The small area of low pressure slowly moved northwards over the next 24 hours, and early on September 4 its satellite appearance began improving, despite shear generated by the more powerful Shary which was nearby at the time. Based on the satellite appearance, the circulation was upgraded to a tropical depression by the NHC.

The depression was steered north-westnorthward by Shary, as it strengthened quickly. Late on the same day, the depression was upgraded to a tropical storm and received the name Virginie. The storm continued moving north, and rapidly strengthened while approaching Cuba. A few hours prior to its landfall on the island, Virginie reached minimal hurricane status, with winds of 75 mph and a central pressure of 984 mb. Soon later, Virginie made landfall on the Zapata Peninsula at hurricane intensity, and then a second landfall an hour later as a high-end tropical storm.

On September 6, Virginie emerged over the Straits of Florida as a strong tropical storm, and immediately began rapidly strengthening as it approached the Florida Keys. Virginie reached hurricane status once again prior to its landfall on Lower Sugarloaf Key. Unscathed y this landfall, Virginie soon underwent explosive deepening, becoming a category 4 hurricane late on September 6. The following day, Virginie reached peak intensity early on September 7, with winds of 145 mph and a central pressure of 939 mb while making landfall on Florida.

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Hurricane Walter
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Hurricane Alpha
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Hurricane Beta
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Hurricane Gamma
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Tropical Storm Delta
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Tropical Storm Epsilon
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Tropical Storm Zeta
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Hurricane Eta
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Hurricane Theta
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Tropical Storm Iota
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Tropical Storm Kappa
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Hurricane Lambda
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Hurricane Mu
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Tropical Storm Nu
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Tropical Depression Thirty-nine
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Tropical Depression Forty
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Season effects
This is a table of all the storms that have formed in the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s), damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all the damage figures are in 2022 USD. All wind intensities are in mph, with the number in parentheses being the intensity in km/h.

Storm names
The following list of names will be used for named storms that form in the North Atlantic in 2022. The names not retired from this list will be used again until the 2028 season. This is the same list used in 2016 except for Martin and Owen, which replaced Matthew and Otto.

Due to extreme activity, the Greek alphabet had to be used for the second time in history, after the 2005 season. The first 13 letters of the Greek alphabet were used up during the season.

Retirement
Due to extensive damage and deaths, the names Fiona, Ian, Martin, Owen, Shary, Tobias, Virginie and Walter were officially retired, and will never be used again for an Atlantic hurricane. They were replaced by Frederica, Immanuel, Mario, Odell, Stephanie, Trevor, Veronique and Warren for the 2028 season.