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The 2025 Atlantic hurricane season was the final year in a consecutive series of ten active and destructive Atlantic hurricane seasons since 2016. The season was very active, producing nineteen tropical cyclones, sixteen named storms, nine hurricanes, and four major hurricanes. It officially began on June 1, 2025, and ended on November 30, 2025, dates that historically describe the period in each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin and are adopted by convention. The first tropical storm of the season, Andrea, developed on June 3, while the final system, Tropical Storm Pablo, dissipated over the United States on November 14.
Many tropical cyclones caused impacts on land throughout the season, although the season was overall less destructive than its predecessors. On June 25, Tropical Storm Arlene made landfall in western Florida, causing $4 million in damages and one fatality. One month later, Hurricane Chantal struck Texas as a weak hurricane, leaving two dead. Hurricane Fernand led to destructive impacts throughout southern and eastern Mexico, causing an estimated $7 billion in damages and 41 fatalities. During the month of September, the Atlantic Canada region was affected by passing hurricanes Gabrielle and Jerry, while Hurricane Humberto struck the same areas already affected by Hurricane Fernand just a week prior. Tropical Storm Karen killed two people in Florida as a result of a tornado outbreak on September 16. Hurricane Lorenzo caused widespread flooding throughout Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in late September, resulting in four deaths. The season's strongest hurricane, Melissa, made direct landfall in North Carolina, leaving $27.67 billion in damages and 81 people dead. Tropical Storm Nestor caused one person to drown on the Gulf Coast, while Tropical Depression Seventeen left moderate flooding in Central America. The season concluded with Pablo, a sprawling tropical storm that caused heavy flooding in the eastern United States before dissipating on November 14. Tropical cyclones during this season collectively caused 148 fatalities and nearly $35 billion in damages, continuing a decade-long series of damaging Atlantic hurricane seasons.
Most forecasting agencies projected an above-average or well-above-average season, citing above-normal sea surface temperatures and ongoing La Niña conditions. Although the number of named storms fell short of the predicted range, the number of hurricanes and major hurricanes verified. Despite this, the Caribbean region and the subtropical Atlantic were notably unfavorable due to the presence of unfavorable wind shear in the areas throughout the majority of the season.
The 2025 Atlantic hurricane season began on June 1, 2025, and ended on November 30, 2025. The first storm, Tropical Storm Andrea, formed on June 3, three days after the season began. After Tropical Storm Barry dissipated on June 21, tropical cyclone activity halted for over a month until Hurricane Chantal formed and made landfall in Texas in late July. August saw the formation of Tropical Storm Dexter and the formation of Hurricanes Erin and Fernand, both of which were major hurricanes. The latter also became the costliest tropical cyclone on record to impact Mexico, causing roughly $7 billion in damages.
Activity increased tremendously during the month of September, when seven tropical cyclones formed: Gabrielle, Humberto, Imelda, Jerry, Karen, Lorenzo, and Tropical Depression Thirteen. Hurricane Gabrielle became an intense Category 4 hurricane that brought light impacts to Atlantic Canada, just as Hurricane Humberto made landfall in Mexico, taking a similar path to Hurricane Fernand a week prior. Hurricane Jerry formed on September 9, moving erratically off the East Coast of the United States. After it dissipated, Tropical Storm Karen formed near Florida and brought torrential rainfall to the state. Finally, Hurricane Lorenzo brought heavy rainfall over Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, causing four fatalities and $14 million in damages along its path.
Activity dwindled during the month of October. The season's strongest and most destructive storm, Hurricane Melissa, inflicted catastrophic damage in the Carolinas and the northeastern United States. Finally, Tropical Storm Pablo, the final storm of the season, produced widespread rainfall across the southeastern United States and western Cuba, causing significant damage before finally dissipating on November 14.
An organized tropical wave moved into the eastern Atlantic on October 1, gradually developing shower and thunderstorm activity as it tracked westward. The wave developed into a tropical depression early on October 3, intensifying into Tropical Storm Melissa the next day. Unfavorable conditions prevailed as it moved westward, hindering initial strengthening as the storm's center remained displaced near the northeastern edge of its convection. Late on October 5, Melissa's cloud tops began cooling, and the cyclone organized significantly, allowing Melissa to intensify into a hurricane the next day. Approaching the Lesser Antilles, Melissa continued intensifying and reached Category 3 intensity on October 7 at 12:00 UTC. However, immediately afterwards, the system encountered a high-pressure system over the Leeward Islands and began an eyewall replacement cycle, weakening into a Category 2 hurricane the next day as it curved to the north. The storm's convection became slightly disorganized over the next day, but soon entered warmer waters, re-intensified into a Category 3 hurricane on October 9 at 12:00 UTC, and turned to the west-northwest. As the cyclone's center became much more organized and its convection increased, it intensified into a Category 4 hurricane and soon peaked as a Category 5 hurricane on October 10 with winds of 165 mph (270 km/h). The storm soon weakened into a Category 4 hurricane on October 11 and began approaching North Carolina. At 19:30 UTC (3:30 pm EDT) on October 12, Melissa made landfall south of Southport, North Carolina, with sustained winds of 130 mph (210 km/h) and a central pressure of 931 mbar (27.5 inHg). The storm moved inland and began rapidly weakening, falling below hurricane intensity just twelve hours later. The storm continued north over the eastern United States before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone over New York on October 14. Its remnants persisted for roughly two days before dissipating in the Labrador Sea late on October 15.
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2025. The names not retired from this list were used again in the 2031 season. This was the same list used in the 2019 season, with the exception of the name Dexter, which replaced Dorian. The name Dexter was used for the first time this year.
Andrea
Barry
Chantal
Dexter
Erin
Fernand
Gabrielle
Humberto
Imelda
Jerry
Karen
Lorenzo
Melissa
Nestor
Olga
Pablo
Rebekah (unused)
Sebastien (unused)
Tanya (unused)
Van (unused)
Wendy (unused)
The usage of the name "Karen" in September garnered negative attention related to the pejorative term of the same name. Many news outlets poked fun at the name and made jokes revolving around the stereotype, while others openly criticized the NHC of the usage of the name. NHC director Mike Brennan responded by noting that the name was unrelated to the term and was chosen in 1978 as part of the revised Atlantic hurricane naming lists. The name Karen was not retired by the WMO following the season, prompting further controversy. However, it went unused in 2031 and 2037, and it was eventually replaced with Kenzie when the lists were changed in 2039.
Retirement[]
On April 9, 2026, during the 48th Session of the RA IV Hurricane Committee, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) retired the names Fernand and Melissa from their rotating naming lists due to the amount of deaths and damage they caused, and they will not be used again for another Atlantic hurricane. They were replaced with Forrest and Minerva, respectively, for the 2031 season.
Season effects[]
This is a table of all the storms that have formed in the 2025 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s), denoted in parentheses, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a tropical wave, or a low, and all the damage figures are in 2025 USD. Potential tropical cyclones are not included in this table.
